第58屆Intel ISEF中國(guó)參賽項(xiàng)目：廣西三娘灣中華白海豚繁殖種群的研究
——對(duì)數(shù)量及年齡組成的初步分析
北京市第五中學(xué) 高三 陸楷鈞
學(xué)科：動(dòng)物學(xué)
中華白海豚(Sousa chinensis)是我國(guó)珍稀瀕危獸類,其研究和保護(hù)工作為世界所關(guān)注。迄今有關(guān)中華白海豚種群數(shù)量的調(diào)查工作比較少。作者于2005年8月、2006年1月、2006年4月、2006年8月三個(gè)季節(jié)出海進(jìn)行實(shí)地觀察，對(duì)分布在廣西三娘灣海域的中華白海豚的種群數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究，獲取了中華白海豚照片8948張，其中可分析照片1572張。利用拍攝的照片為依據(jù)，通過野外觀察中華白海豚相對(duì)固定的可辨認(rèn)的特征進(jìn)行個(gè)體識(shí)別。采用近似標(biāo)記重捕法對(duì)夏、冬、春三季的中華白海豚進(jìn)行了數(shù)量分析。結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)內(nèi)有中華白海豚124只，其中成年個(gè)體所占比例約為36.5％，這一地區(qū)的中華白海豚的近交率約為1.09％。
Studies on Sousa chinensis Population in San Niang Wan, Guangxi
——Primary Analysis of Population Size and Age Structure
Animal Sciences
Lu Kaijun 18，Beijing No.5 High School
Chinese White Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) is a rare and endangered species in China. Recently, public attentions have been raised more and more and studies are conducted on the protection of this animal all over the world. Nevertheless, few studies have been focused on the investigation of its population size. In my study a new method has been developed: the analogous mark-recapture (AMR) method. With this, I investigated the natural population size and age structure in the studied area, namely in the sea of San Niang Wan (108°37′55″-108°51′49″E, 21°28′36″-21°41′16″N), Guangxi Province, South China. I also used the direct-count method for small groups. During the 30-day field observations (in January 2006, February 2006, April 2006 and August 2006), 8948 photos of S. chinensis were taken which formed the basis for the following analyses. Of all the photos, 1572 were selected as valuable and used in AMR analyses. Some special body characteristics detected by the photos were effective in distinguishing individuals of different ages or stages of development; there included body color, dorsal fin shape, dorsal edge pattern of head, and caudal fin shape. Based on these, I attribute successfully recognized 43 different dolphin individuals. Meanwhile, the population sizes in summer, winter, and spring were estimated based on the AMR method. The results showed that 124 Chinese White Dolphins live in the area, of which 36.5 % may be adults. Furthermore, the dolphins’ inbreeding rate is estimated to be 1.09%.
